In the 1600s many of the houses in the town were rebuilt in brick with tiled roofs. Glass windows were rare in the Middle Ages but they became common in the 17th century. So was a malting industry (malt, made from barley, is used in brewing).Ī new industry in Nottingham in this period was glassmaking. By the late 17th century this industry was booming in Nottingham. These included making silk or wool hosiery. Yet new industries arose to replace them. Tanning declined in the late 17th century. In Nottingham traditional industries such as the manufacture of wool declined. Robert Smythson (1535-1614) built Wollaton Hall in 1588. In the 1530s Henry VIII closed the leper hostels and the friaries. In 1513 a grammar school was founded in Nottingham. Nottingham in the 16th century and 17th century However, the town of Nottingham did not get its own sheriff until 1449. The story of Robin Hood is first recorded in the 14th century and it is likely it is based on a real person or possibly several real people. Robin Hood is supposed to have lived in Sherwood Forest near Nottingham. However, all Jews were forced to leave England in 1290. In the 12th and 13th centuries, there was also a Jewish community in Nottingham. There were also 2 leper hostels outside the gates of Nottingham, dedicated to St Leonard and St Mary. In it, monks cared for the sick and the poor as best they could. In Nottingham, there was a hospital dedicated to St Thomas. In the Middle Ages, the church ran the only hospitals. There were Franciscans known as grey friars because of their grey habits and Carmelite friars known as white friars. The friars were like monks but instead of withdrawing from the world, they went out to preach. In the 13th century, friars arrived in Nottingham. Fletchergate is named after fletchers (arrow makers) who once worked there. There were bridlesmiths who gave a street its name and wheelwrights who did the same. These included brewers, bakers, carpenters, shoemakers, and blacksmiths. There were also the same craftsmen you would find in any Medieval town. There were also some tilers and potters in Nottingham as well as goldsmiths. Wooden hammers worked by watermills pounded the wool. This means it was pounded in a mixture of water and clay to clean and thicken it. In Medieval Nottingham, the main industry was wool making. Buyers and sellers would come from all over Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire to attend one. In those days a fair was like a market but was it was held only once a year for a period of a few days. Nottingham gained its first mayor in 1284 and it gained its first sheriff in 1449. In the Middle Ages, a charter was a document granting the townspeople certain rights. In 1155 the king gave Nottingham a charter. However, it was not large or important nationally. By the standards of the time, Nottingham was a fair-sized town. By the 14th century, it may have grown to 3,000. Nottingham may have had a population of around 1,500 at the time of the Norman Conquest. Later, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, they were replaced by stone walls. The ditch and rampart around Nottingham were extended to surround the new area. The two areas had separate administrations until about 1300. The old town was called the English borough. It was called the French borough because most of those who lived there were Norman French. A new area was created between the old town and the castle. Nottingham grew rapidly after the Norman Conquest. (It was rebuilt in stone in the 12th century). In 1067William the Conqueror built a wooden castle to guard Nottingham. From the 10th century, Nottingham also had a mint. The Western limit of the town stood roughly where Bridlesmith Gate is today. By the 10th century, Nottingham was a busy little town though with a population of only several hundred. In 920 the English king recaptured Nottingham and he built a bridge across the Trent. The town had a ditch around it and an earth rampart with a wooden palisade on top. They turned Nottingham into a fortified settlement or burgh. In the late 9th century the Danes conquered North East and Eastern England. It was inevitable that sooner or later Nottingham would grow into a town as it is the first point where the Trent can be forded but the river is also navigable this far inland. Gradually its name changed to Snottingham then just Nottingham. So its name meant the village owned by Snotta. The word inga meant ‘belonging to’ and Snotta was a man. Nottingham began in the 6th century as a small settlement called Snotta inga ham.
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